DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) contains genetic instructions for growth, reproduction, and function in almost all known life forms. It acts as a blueprint for building and maintaining living things. Inside each cell, DNA is made up of tiny chemical building blocks called nucleotides arranged in a twisted ladder shape called a double helix. These nucleotides form a unique code, similar to how letters make up words in a book. This code tells cells how to make proteins, which are essential for everything from muscle growth to eye color.
Every living organism, from tiny bacteria to humans, has DNA. It determines traits like hair color, height, and even how the body fights diseases. DNA is passed from parents to children, which is why family members often look alike.
Although DNA stays mostly the same, small mutations (changes) can happen over time. Some mutations are harmless, while others can lead to genetic disorders or evolution, helping species adapt to their environment.
Scientists study DNA to understand genetics, cure diseases, and even solve crimes. With advances like gene editing, DNA research is shaping the future of medicine, allowing doctors to fix genetic problems and create better treatments for many conditions.
