Scientific consensus holds that human activities, especially fossil fuel combustion, and deforestation, are the main drivers of global climate change. Burning fossil fuels like coal, oil, and gas for electricity, cars, and factories releases carbon dioxide (CO₂) and other gases into the air. These gases trap heat from the Sun, making the planet warmer. This is called the greenhouse effect.
The graph shows atmospheric CO₂ levels recorded at Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii since 1958 by NOAA. Since the Industrial Revolution in the late 18th century, human activities have increased CO₂ levels by 50%, meaning today’s CO₂ concentration is 150% higher than it was in 1750. This human-caused rise is far greater and faster than the natural CO₂ increase that occurred at the end of the last ice age 20,000 years ago.
Deforestation is another major contributor. Trees naturally absorb CO₂, helping regulate the Earth’s temperature. When forests are cut down, not only do we lose this crucial carbon absorption, but the stored CO₂ is also released back into the air, adding to the warming.
As global temperatures rise, we face more extreme weather events—such as heatwaves, stronger storms, rising sea levels, and melting Arctic ice. These changes impact ecosystems, wildlife, and human life.
